Effect of the COVID-19 on Perceptions of Health, Anticipated Need for Health Services, and Cost of Health Care.

OBJECTIVE: This article investigates how perceived vulnerability to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at its early stages is associated with people's perception of their health, the need for health-care services, and expenses related to addressing the COVID-19 impact on their health. METHODS: The results are based on the analysis of surveys that were distributed among members of 26 random Facebook groups in April-May, 2020. Perceived COVID-19 pandemic related stress and health concerns were examined by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. RESULTS: Among 315 respondents, 64% have experienced COVID-19 related stress and identified anxiety, headache, insomnia, and weight gain as their primary health concerns. The ANOVA test revealed that females are more impacted by the COVID-19 stress than males. Around 40% of respondents believed that the COVID-19 would lead to an increase in the cost of health services, and 20% of respondents anticipated that the COVID-19 pandemic would increase their need for health services. CONCLUSIONS: Learning about how people perceive the COVID-19 pandemic impact on their health, particularly in the pandemic's early stages can allow health professionals to develop targeted interventions that can influence pandemic preventative behaviors among different population groups. This study can help understand use patterns and mitigate financial barriers that could interfere with patients' care-seeking behavior.

35 YEARS OF PUBLIC CAPITAL BUDGETING: A REVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH AGENDA

This paper reviews a large number of works published over the past 35 years on public capital budgeting. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive analysis of research on capital budgeting. Through this review, this study seeks to critically analyze the literature on the public capital budgeting, identify the research gaps, and set future research agenda based on those gaps. Our study presents a review of 106 academic studies on this topic. The main finding is that constructs, such as international capital budgeting, infrastructure maintenance, cross-state and cross-local municipalities ' analysis, need further attention. This study found that there is a lack of literature that examines how the federal, state, and local governments cope with challenges and pressures during economic decline. Future studies could examine the effects of economic decline during and after Covid-19 pandemic on changes in capital budgeting practices in different countries on national, regional and local levels. The paper is intended as a resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, focusing on public capital budgeting issues.